What is a computer virus and how to combat it?

Computer viruses are malicious programs designed to disrupt the normal operation of a computer without the user's knowledge or consent. Their main goal is to spread through systems, infecting files and compromising the security of personal information. Like biological viruses, these programs can replicate themselves and cause significant damage, such as data loss, theft of sensitive information, and corruption of the operating system.

Hacker breaking into a computer with a virus

Types of Computer Viruses

Computer viruses can be classified into several categories based on their behavior and method of infection:

Resident Viruses: These are loaded into system memory and can infect other files while running.

Direct Action Viruses: These are activated when a specific file is run and seek to infect other files in the same directory.

Overwrite Viruses: These destroy the data in the files they infect, rendering them unusable.

Boot Viruses: These infect the boot sector of a disk, which can prevent the operating system from starting properly.

Worms: Unlike traditional viruses, worms can replicate themselves without needing a host file and often spread over networks.

How to combat computer viruses

Preventing and combating computer viruses requires a combination of good practices and appropriate tools.

Here are some effective recommendations:

Install antivirus software: Using a reliable antivirus program is essential. This software detects, blocks and removes viruses before they can cause damage. Make sure you keep it up to date to protect yourself against the latest threats.

Set up a firewall: A firewall acts as a barrier between your computer and the internet, blocking unauthorized access and filtering potentially harmful traffic1.

Keep software up to date: Regularly update your operating system and applications to close vulnerabilities that could be exploited by viruses.

Avoid suspicious downloads: Don't download files or applications from untrustworthy sources. Always scan files with your antivirus before opening them.

Beware of emails: Be wary of links and attachments in unknown emails. Many viruses are spread through phishing, where users are tricked into revealing personal information or installing malware.

Make backups: Keep regular copies of your important data. This will allow you to recover information in the event of a successful attack.

Run regular scans: Perform full system scans with your antivirus software at least once a week to detect potential infections before they cause significant damage.

Conclusion

Computer security is vital in an increasingly digital world. Knowing what computer viruses are and how they work is the first step to effectively protecting yourself. Implementing preventative measures and using appropriate tools can help keep your information safe and your computer running smoothly.